Calcium & Health

Studies and research have shown that people infected with HIV on HAART are at risk of suffering from bone disease and potentially, osteoporosis. Osteoporosis can be characterised by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, which can lead to fractures and bone pain. It has been found bone mass density decreases in those on HAART, which then increases the risk of fractures and thinning of bones. The exact mechanism for why this happens is not yet known.

There are many risk factors for osteoporosis, which include lack of exercise, poor nutrition, sex, race, immobilisation and family history. Smoking and too much alcohol can also increase bone mass loss. The average human body contains 1.2kg of Calcium, 99% of which is found in bone and teeth. Having an adequate calcium intake can provide the bone with a good supply of calcium to remain healthy and strong.

It is recommended by the European Federation for Osteoporosis and Bone Disease that those who are at high risk of osteoporosis should have a diet, which meets the RNI or above for calcium, but does not exceed 1500mg per day.

Calcium can be found in many foods including dairy products, vegetables and cereals.

Tips:

* Vitamin D is also essential to help bone absorb calcium. The body can make Vitamin D but it requires sunlight. Make sure your skin is exposed to sunlight to make Vitamin D. If housebound then a Vitamin D supplement may be required. Dietary sources include oily fish, butter and margarine. Try to include these foods if you can.
* You may find it useful to take a calcium supplement sometimes the preparations contain Vitamin D.
* Include a variety of sources of calcium in your diet.
* Exercise- regular weight bearing exercise can help to increase bone mass density, e.g. walking, jogging, skipping and boxing.
* Avoid high levels of bran and tea in your diet as they contain phytate which can decrease absorption of calcium.

An example of how easy it can be to meet the recommendations for calcium:

700mg = 1 glass (200ml) milk + 30g cheese + 1 small yoghurt (150g)

Food Ideas:

* Drinks: Smoothies- use milk, cream and ice cream.
* Have milky coffee, tea or hot chocolate.
* Have pilchards, sardines or baked beans on toast for a snack.
* Aim to have 1/2 -1 pt (234-568mls) milk per day.
* Add cheese, milk, or cream to foods, e.g. to mashed potato, soups and to puddings.

Nelfinavir Study - A common side effect when on Nelfinavir is diarrhoea. A recent study looked at the benefit of calcium supplements while taking Nelfinavir. They found the calcium supplement dramatically improved the symptoms.

If you have any queries about the amount of calcium in your diet, please book in to see the dietitian.